Publications


  • E. Shapiro, M. J. Afridi, A. Ross, X. Liu, “System and Method for Quantifying Cell Numbers in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI),” United States Patent #11,137,462, October 5, 2021.
  • B. Aliakbarian, M. Rabnawaz, S. Selke, K. Cheng, A. Ross, A. Cozzo, A. Chowdhury, A. Tamayol, C. Russell, P. Chahal, “Medication Bottle with Anti-tampering Features,” United States Patent #11,135,131, October 5, 2021.
  • R. Derakhshani and A. Ross, "Conjunctival Scans for Personal Identification", United States Patent #7327860, February 5, 2008.
  • J. Reisman and A. Ross, "Fingerprint Matching Using Ridge Feature Maps", United States Patent #7142699, November 28, 2006.


  • A. Rattani, R. Derakhshani, A. Ross (Editors), “Selfie Biometrics”, Springer Publishers, 2019. ISBN: 978-3-030-26971-5.
    [Springer][Amazon]


  • A. K. Jain, A. Ross, K. Nandakumar, "Introduction to Biometrics: A Textbook", Springer Publishers, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-387-77325-4.
    [Springer][Amazon]


  • A. K. Jain, P. J. Flynn and A. Ross (Editors), "Handbook of Biometrics", Springer Publishers, 2007. ISBN: 978-0-387-71040-2.
    [Springer][Amazon]


  • A. Ross, K. Nandakumar and A. K. Jain, "Handbook of Multibiometrics", Springer Publishers, 1st edition, 2006. ISBN: 0-3872-2296-0.
    [Springer][Amazon]




    • Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security, Second Edition, (Henk C. A. van Tilborg and Sushil Jajodia, Eds.), Springer, 2011:
  • "Multibiometrics", by A. Ross.
    • Encyclopedia of Biometrics, (Stan Z. Li, Ed.), Springer, 2009:
  • "Biometrics", by A. Ross and A. K. Jain.
  • "Sources of Information in Biometric Fusion", by A. Ross.
  • "Feature-level Fusion", by A. Ross.
  • "Score-level Fusion", by A. Ross and K. Nandakumar.
  • "Wavefront Coded Iris Biometric Systems", by V. P. Pauca, K. Smith, A. Ross, J. van der Gracht, and T. C. Torgersen.
  • "Iris Digital Watermarking", by N. Bartlow, N. Kalka, B. Cukic, A. Ross.
    • Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security, (Henk C. A. van Tilborg, Ed.), Springer, August 2005:
  • "Biometrics", by A. K. Jain and A. Ross.



  • R. Brewer, B. Westlake, T. Swearingen, S. Patterson, D. Bright, A. Ross, K. Logos, D. Michalski, “Advancing Child Sexual Abuse Investigations Using Biometrics and Social Network Analysis.,” Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, No. 668, March 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52922/ti78948
  • K. Nguyen, C. Fookes, S. Sridharan, A. Ross, “Complex-valued Iris Recognition Network,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), Vol. 45, No.1, January 2023.
  • R. Sharma and A. Ross, “Periocular Biometrics and its Relevance to Partially Masked Faces: A Survey,” Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU), Vol. 226, January 2023.


  • A. Ross, S. Banerjee, A. Chowdhury, “Deducing Health Cues From Biometric Data,” Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU), Vol. 221, Issue C, August 2022.
  • H. Choung, P. David, A. Ross, “Trust in AI and Its Role in the Acceptance of AI Technologies,” International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2022.2050543, April 2022.
  • B. Westlake, R. Brewer, T. Swearingen, A. Ross, S. Patterson, D. Michalski, M. Hole, K. Logos, R. Frank, D. Bright, E. Afana, “Developing Automated Methods to Detect and Match Face and Voice Biometrics in Child Sexual Abuse Videos,” Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 648, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, DOI: 10.52922/ti78566, March 2022.
  • S. Banerjee, P. Jaiswal, A. Ross, “Facial De-morphing: Extracting Component Faces from a Single Morph,” Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Abu Dhabi, UAE), October 2022.
  • L. Sperling, N. Ratha, A. Ross, V. Boddeti, “HEFT: Homomorphically Encrypted Fusion of Biometric Templates,” Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Abu Dhabi, UAE), October 2022. Best Student Paper Award
  • S. Banerjee, A. Aggarwal and A. Ross, “Can GAN-induced Attribute Manipulations Impact Face Recognition?,” Proc. of International Conference in Pattern Recognition Workshops (ICPRW), (Montreal, Canada), August 2022.
  • M. Dale, A. Ross, A. Jain, “On Missing Scores in Evolving Multibiometric Systems,” Proc. of 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Montreal, Canada), August 2022.
  • M. Dale, A. Ross, E. Shapiro, “Fusing AutoML Models: A Case Study in Medical Image Classification,” Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (ICPRAI), (Paris, France), June 2022.
  • A. Chowdhury, A. Cozzo, A. Ross, “Domain Adaptation for Speaker Recognition in Singing and Spoken Voice,” Proc. of the 47th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), (Singapore), May 2022.
  • T. Swearingen and A. Ross, “Synthesizing Face Images from Match Scores,” Proc. of IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW), (Hawaii, USA), January 2022.


  • C. Kauba, S. Kirchgasser, V. Mirjalili, A. Uhl and A. Ross, “Inverse Biometrics: Generating Vascular Images From Binary Templates,” IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 464-478, DOI: 10.1109/TBIOM.2021.3073666, October 2021.
  • B. Meden, P. Rot, P. Terhörst, N. Damer, A. Kuiper, W. J. Scheirer, A. Ross, P. Peer, V. Štruc, “Privacy-Enhancing Face Biometrics: A Comprehensive Survey,” IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 16, pp. 4147-4183, DOI: 10.1109/TIFS.2021.3096024, 2021
  • S. Banerjee, T. Swearingen, R. Shillair, J. Bauer, T. Holt and A. Ross, “Using Machine Learning to Examine Cyberattack Motivations on Web Defacement Data,” Social Science Computer Review (SSCR), DOI:10.1177/0894439321994234, February 2021.
  • D. Anghelone, C. Chen, P. Faure, A. Ross, A. Dantcheva, “Explainable Thermal to Visible Face Recognition Using Latent-guided Generative Adversarial Network,” Proc. of 16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), (Jodhpur, India), December 2021.
  • R. Sharma and A. Ross, “Image-level Iris Morph Attack,” Proc. of 28th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), (Anchorage, USA), September 2021.
  • S. Banerjee and A. Ross, “Conditional Identity Disentanglement for Differential Face Morph Detection,” Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Shenzhen, China), August 2021.
  • A. Chowdhury, A. Ross, P. David, “DeepTalk: Vocal Style Encoding for Speaker Recognition and Speech Synthesis,” Proc. of the 46th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), June 2021. [GitHub]
  • T. Swearingen and A. Ross, “Lookalike Disambiguation: Improving Face Identification Performance at Top Ranks,” Proc. of 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020), (Milan, Italy), January 2021.
  • O. Ouda, K. Nandakumar, A. Ross, “Cancelable Biometrics Vault: A Secure Key-Binding Biometric Cryptosystem based on Chaffing and Winnowing,” Proc. of 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020), (Milan, Italy), January 2021.
  • R. Sharma and A. Ross, “Viability of Optical Coherence Tomography for Iris Presentation Attack Detection,” Proc. of 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020), (Milan, Italy), January 2021.
  • S. Banerjee and A. Ross, “One-Shot Representational Learning for Joint Biometric and Device Authentication”, Proc. of 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020), (Milan, Italy), January 2021.
  • S. Yadav and A. Ross, “CIT-GAN: Cyclic Image Translation Generative Adversarial Network With Application in Iris Presentation Attack Detection,” Proc. of IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), January 2021.
  • C. Chen and A. Ross, “An Explainable Attention-Guided Iris Presentation Attack Detector,” Proc. of IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW), January 2021. Best Paper Award


  • A. Chowdhury and A. Ross, “Fusing MFCC and LPC Features using 1D Triplet CNN for Speaker Recognition in Severely Degraded Audio Signals,” IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 1616 - 1629, December 2020. [GitHub]
  • S. Banerjee and A. Ross, “Face Phylogeny Tree Using Basis Functions,” IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science (T-BIOM), Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 310 - 325, DOI: 10.1109/TBIOM.2020.2983321, October 2020.
  • A. Ross, S. Banerjee, A. Chowdhury, “Security in Smart Cities: A Brief Review of Digital Forensic Schemes for Biometric Data,” Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 138, pp. 346 - 354, October 2020
  • V. Mirjalili, S. Rashcka, A. Ross, “PrivacyNet: Semi-Adversarial Networks for Multi-attribute Face Privacy,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 29, pp. 9400 - 9412, DOI: 10.1109/TIP.2020.3024026, September 2020.
  • T. J. Holt, J. R. Lee, J. D. Freilich, S. M. Chermak, J. M. Bauer, R. Shillair, A. Ross, “An Exploratory Analysis of the Characteristics of Ideologically Motivated Cyberattacks,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 32, August 2020.
  • A. Boyd, S.Yadav, T. Swearingen, A. Kuehlkamp, M. Trokielewicz, E. Benjamin, P. Maciejewicz, D. Chute, A. Ross, P. Flynn, K. Bowyer, A. Czajka, “Post-Mortem Iris Recognition: A Survey and Assessment of the State of the Art,” IEEE Access, Vol. 8, pp. 136570 - 136593, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3011364, July 2020.
  • A. Chowdhury, A. Cozzo, A. Ross, “JukeBox: A Multilingual Singer Recognition Dataset,” Proc. of Interspeech, (Shanghai, China), October 2020.
  • P. Das, J. McGrath, Z. Fang, A. Boyd, G. Jang, A. Mohammadi, S. Purnapatra, D. Yambay, S. Marcel, M. Trokielwicz, P. Maciejewicz, K. Bowyer, A. Czajka, S. Schuckers, J. T. Farias, S. Gonzalez, M. Fang, N. Damer, F. Boutros, A. Kuijper, R. Sharma, C. Chen and A. Ross, “Iris Liveness Detection Competition (LivDet-Iris) – The 2020 Edition,” Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), September 2020.
  • R. Sharma and A. Ross, “D-NetPAD: An Explainable and Interpretable Iris Presentation Attack Detector,” Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), September 2020. [GitHub]
  • C. Kauba, S. Kirchgasser, V. Mirjalili, A. Uhl, A. Ross, “Inverse Biometrics: Reconstructing Grayscale Finger Vein Images from Binary Features,” Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), September 2020.
  • S. Yadav, C. Chen, A. Ross, “Relativistic Discriminator: A One-Class Classifier for Generalized Iris Presentation Attack Detection,” Proc. of IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), (Aspen, USA), March 2020.
  • A. Chowdhury, S. Kirchgasser, A. Uhl, A. Ross, “Can a CNN Automatically Learn the Significance of Minutiae Points for Fingerprint Matching?“, Proc. of IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), (Aspen, USA), March 2020.


  • M. Singh, R. Singh, A. Ross, “A Comprehensive Overview of Biometric Fusion,” Information Fusion, Vol. 52, pp. 187 - 205, December 2019.
  • V. Mirjalili, S. Raschka, A. Ross, “FlowSAN: Privacy-Enhancing Semi-Adversarial Networks to Confound Arbitrary Face-Based Gender Classifiers,” IEEE Access, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 99735 - 99745, December 2019.
  • R. D. Labati, E. Muñoz, V. Piuri, A. Ross, F. Scotti, “Non-ideal Iris Segmentation Using Polar Spline RANSAC and Illumination Compensation,” Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU), Vol. 188, Article 102787, November 2019 [GitHub]
  • S. Banerjee, T. Swearingen, R. Shillair, J. Bauer, T. Holt and A. Ross, “Analysis of Cyberattack Patterns Across Longitudinal Data,” 2nd Annual Conference on the Human Factor in Cybercrime, (Amsterdam, Netherlands), October 2019.
  • S. Banerjee and A. Ross, “Smartphone Camera De-identification while Preserving Biometric Utility,” Proc. of 10th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Tampa, USA), September 2019. [GitHub]
  • S. Banerjee and A. Ross, “Face Phylogeny Tree: Deducing Relationships Between Near-Duplicate Face Images Using Legendre Polynomials and Radial Basis Functions,” Proc. of 10th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Tampa, USA), September 2019. Best Paper Award and Best Poster Award [Bibtex]
    ×

    @INPROCEEDINGS{FacePhyloTree_2019, author={S. Banerjee and A. Ross},
    booktitle={10th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems ({BTAS}), Tampa, Florida},
    title={Face Phylogeny Tree: Deducing Relationships Between Near-Duplicate Face Images Using Legendre Polynomials and Radial Basis Functions},
    year={2019},
    month={September},
    }

  • A. Roy, N. Memon, A. Ross, “MasterPrint Attack Resistance: A Maximum Cover Based Approach for Automatic Fingerprint Template Selection,” Proc. of 10th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Tampa, USA), September 2019.
  • S. Hoffman, R. Sharma, A. Ross, “Iris + Ocular: Generalized Iris Presentation Attack Detection Using Multiple Convolutional Neural Networks,” Proc. of 12th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Crete, Greece), June 2019.
  • D. Deb, A. Ross, A. K. Jain, K. Prakah-Asante, K. V. Prasad, “Actions Speak Louder Than (Pass)words: Passive Authentication of Smartphone Users via Deep Temporal Features,” Proc. of 12th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Crete, Greece), June 2019.
  • A. Ross, S. Banerjee, C. Chen, A. Chowdhury, V. Mirjalili, R. Sharma, T. Swearingen and S. Yadav, “Some Research Problems in Biometrics: The Future Beckons,” Proc. of 12th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Crete, Greece), June 2019.
  • S. Yadav, C. Chen, A. Ross, “Synthesizing Iris Images using RaSGAN with Application in Presentation Attack Detection,” Proc. of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), (Long Beach, USA), June 2019.
  • O. Styles, V. Sanchez, A. Ross, “Forecasting Pedestrian Trajectory with Machine-Annotated Training Data,” IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, (Paris, France), June 2019.
  • C. Chen and A. Ross, “Matching Thermal to Visible Face Images Using a Semantic-Guided Generative Adversarial Network,” Proc. of 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG), (Lille, France), May 2019. [GitHub]
  • S. Banerjee, V. Mirjalili, A. Ross, “Spoofing PRNU Patterns of Iris Sensors while Preserving Iris Recognition,” Proc. of 5th IEEE International Conference on Identity, Security and Behavior Analysis (ISBA), (Hyderabad, India), January 2019. Best Paper Award
  • D. Bobeldyk and A. Ross, “Predicting Soft Biometric Attributes from 30 Pixels: A Case Study in NIR Ocular Images,” Proc. of IEEE Winter Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW), (Hawaii, USA), January 2019.


  • Y. Shi, A. Ross, S. Biswas, "Source Identification of Encrypted Video Traffic in The Presence of Heterogeneous Network Traffic," Elsevier Computer Communications, Vol. 129, pp. 101- 110, September 2018.
  • P. Connor and A. Ross, "Biometric Recognition By Gait: A Survey of Modalities and Features," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 167, pp. 1 - 27, February 2018.
  • D. Bobeldyk and A. Ross, “Analyzing Covariate Influence on Gender and Race Prediction from Near-Infrared Ocular Images,” IEEE Access, Vol. 7, pp. 7905-7919, 2018.
  • K. Nguyen, C. Fookes, A. Ross, S. Sridharan, "Iris Recognition with Off-the-Shelf CNN Features: A Deep Learning Perspective," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, pp. 18848-18855, 2018.
  • T. Swearingen and A. Ross, "A Label Propagation Approach for Predicting Missing Biographic Labels in Face-Based Biometric Records," IET Biometrics, Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 71 - 80, January 2018.
  • M. J. Afridi, A. Ross, E. Shapiro, "On Automated Source Selection for Transfer Learning in Convolutional Neural Networks," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 73, pp. 65 - 75, January 2018.
  • C. Chen and A. Ross, "Exploring the Use of IrisCodes for Presentation Attack Detection," Proc. of 9th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Los Angeles, USA), October 2018.
  • P. Bontrager, A. Roy, J. Togelius, N. Memon, A. Ross, "DeepMasterPrints: Generating MasterPrints for Dictionary Attacks via Latent Variable Evolution," Proc. of 9th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Los Angeles, USA), October 2018. Best Paper Award
  • A. Chowdhury, Y. Atoum, L. Truan, X. Liu, A. Ross, "MSU-AVIS dataset: Fusing Face and Voice Modalities for Biometric Recognition in Indoor Surveillance Videos," Proc. of the 24th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Beijing, China), August 2018.
  • S. Hoffman, R. Sharma, A. Ross, "Convolutional Neural Networks for Iris Presentation Attack Detection: Toward Cross-Dataset and Cross-Sensor Generalization," Proc. of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), (Salt Lake City, USA), June 2018.
  • S. Banerjee and A. Ross, "Impact of Photometric Transformations on PRNU Estimation Schemes: A Case Study Using Near Infrared Ocular Images," Proc. of 6th IAPR/IEEE International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics, (Sassari, Italy), June 2018. Best Student Paper Award
  • C. Jasserand and A. Ross, “Privacy through Biometric De-identification: Bridging the Gap Between Legal and Technological Perspectives,” 11th Annual Privacy Law Scholars Conference, (Washington DC, USA), May 2018.
  • C. Chen and A. Ross, "A Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network for Joint Iris Detection and Presentation Attack Detection," Proc. of IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW), (Lake Tahoe, USA), March 2018. Best Paper Runner Up [GitHub]
  • A. Roy, N. Memon, J. Togelius, A. Ross, "Evolutionary Methods for Generating Synthetic MasterPrint Templates: Dictionary Attack in Fingerprint Recognition," Proc. of 11th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB 2018), (Gold Coast, Australia), February 2018.
  • R. Arjona, M. A. Prada-Delgado, I. Baturone, A. Ross, "Securing Minutia Cylinder Codes for Fingerprints through Physically Unclonable Functions: An Exploratory Study," Proc. of 11th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB 2018), (Gold Coast, Australia), February 2018.
  • D. Bobeldyk and A. Ross, "Predicting Eye Color from Near Infrared Iris Images," Proc. of 11th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB 2018), (Gold Coast, Australia), February 2018. Best Presentation Award
  • V. Mirjalili, S. Raschka, A. Namboodiri, A. Ross, "Semi-Adversarial Networks: Convolutional Autoencoders for Imparting Privacy to Face Images," Proc. of 11th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB 2018), (Gold Coast, Australia), February 2018. Best Paper Award (Silver)
  • V. Talreja, T. Ferrett, M. C. Valenti, A. Ross, "Biometrics-as-a-Service: A Framework to Promote Innovative Biometric Recognition in the Cloud," Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), (Las Vegas, USA), January 2018.


  • K. Nguyen, C. Fookes, R. Jillela, S. Sridharan, A. Ross, "Long Range Iris Recognition: A Survey," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 72, pp. 123 - 143, December 2017.
  • M. J. Afridi, A. Ross, X. Liu, M. Bennewitz, D. Shuboni, E. Shapiro, "Intelligent and Automatic in vivo Detection and Quantification of Transplanted Cells in MRI," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Vol. 78, Issue 5, pp. 1991 - 2002, November 2017.
  • A. Roy, N. Memon, A. Ross, "MasterPrint: Exploring the Vulnerability of Partial Fingerprint-based Authentication Systems," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 12, No. 9, pp. 2013 - 2025, September 2017.
  • R. Pasula, S. Crihalmeanu, A. Ross, "A Multiscale Sequential Fusion Approach for Handling Pupil Dilation in Iris Recognition," in Human Recognition in Unconstrained Environments, M. De Marsico, M. Nappi, H. Proenca (Eds.), Elsevier 2017. ISBN: 978-0-08-100705-1.
  • T. Swearingen, W. Drevo, B. Cyphers, A. Cuesta-Infante, A. Ross, K. Veeramachaneni, “ATM: A Distributed, Collaborative, Scalable System for Automated Machine Learning,” IEEE International Conference on Big Data, pp. 151 - 162, (Boston, USA), December 2017. [Bibtex]
    ×

    @inproceedings{DBLP:conf/bigdataconf/SwearingenDCCRV17, author = {Thomas Swearingen and Will Drevo and Bennett Cyphers and Alfredo Cuesta{-}Infante and Arun Ross and Kalyan Veeramachaneni},
    title = {{ATM:} {A} distributed, collaborative, scalable system for automated machine learning},
    booktitle = {2017 {IEEE} International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2017, Boston, MA, USA, December 11-14, 2017},
    pages = {151--162},
    year = {2017},
    crossref = {DBLP:conf/bigdataconf/2017},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData.2017.8257923},
    doi = {10.1109/BigData.2017.8257923},
    timestamp = {Tue, 23 Jan 2018 12:40:42 +0100},
    biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/bigdataconf/SwearingenDCCRV17},
    bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org} }

    [GitHub]
  • V. Mirjalili and A. Ross, "Soft Biometric Privacy: Retaining Biometric Utility of Face Images while Perturbing Gender," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Denver, USA), October 2017. [Bibtex]
    ×

    @article{Mirjalili2017SoftBP, title={Soft biometric privacy: Retaining biometric utility of face images while perturbing gender},
    author={Vahid Mirjalili and Arun Ross},
    journal={2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)},
    year={2017},
    pages={564-573} }

  • A. Chowdhury and A. Ross, "Extracting Sub-glottal and Supra-glottal Features from MFCC using Convolutional Neural Networks for Speaker Identification in Degraded Audio Signals," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Denver, USA), October 2017.
  • J. Galbally, M. Gomez-Barrero, A. Ross, "Accuracy Evaluation of Handwritten Signature Verification: Rethinking the Random-skilled Forgeries Dichotomy," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Denver, USA), October 2017.
  • S. Banerjee and A. Ross, "Computing an Image Phylogeny Tree from Photometrically Modified Iris Images," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Denver, USA), October 2017.
  • S. Banerjee and A. Ross, "From Image to Sensor: Comparative Evaluation of Multiple PRNU Estimation Schemes for Identifying Sensors from NIR Iris Images," 5th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF), (Coventry, UK), April 2017.
  • C. Chen, A. Dantcheva, T. Swearingen, A. Ross, "Spoofing Faces Using Makeup: An Investigative Study," Proc. of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Identity, Security and Behavior Analysis (ISBA 2017), (New Delhi, India), February 2017. Best Paper Runner Up [Video]


  • C. Chen, A. Dantcheva, A. Ross, "An Ensemble of Patch-based Subspaces for Makeup-Robust Face Recognition," Information Fusion Journal, Vol. 32, pp. 80 - 92, November 2016.
  • A. K. Jain, K. Nandakumar, A. Ross, "50 Years of Biometric Research: Accomplishments, Challenges, and Opportunities," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 79, pp. 80 - 105, August 2016.
  • M. Piccirilli, G. Doretto, A. Ross, D. Adjeroh, "A Mobile Structured Light System for 3D Face Acquisition," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 1854-1855, April 2016.
  • A. Dantcheva, P. Elia, A. Ross, "What Else Does Your Biometric Data Reveal? A Survey on Soft Biometrics," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics And Security (TIFS), Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 441 - 467, March 2016.
  • C. Chen and A. Ross, "Matching Thermal to Visible Face Images Using Hidden Factor Analysis in a Cascaded Subspace Learning Framework," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 72, pp. 25 - 32, March 2016.
  • J. Galbally, M. Savvides, S. Venugopalan, A. Ross, "Iris Image Reconstruction from Binary Templates", in Handbook of Iris Recognition, K. Bowyer and M. Burge (Eds.), Springer 2016. ISBN: 978-1447160618.
  • Y. Ding and A. Ross, "An Ensemble of One-Class SVMs for Fingerprint Spoof Detection Across Different Fabrication Materials," Proc. of 8th IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), (Abu Dhabi, UAE), December 2016.
  • M. J. Afridi, A. Ross, E. Shapiro, "L-CNN: Exploiting Labeling Latency in a CNN Learning Framework," Proc. of 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Cancun, Mexico), December 2016.
  • D. Bobeldyk and A. Ross, "Iris or Periocular? Exploring Sex Prediction from Near Infrared Ocular Images," Proc. of the 15th International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG), (Darmstadt, Germany), September 2016.
  • T. Swearingen and A. Ross, "Predicting Missing Demographic Information in Biometric Records using Label Propagation Techniques," Proc. of the 15th International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG), (Darmstadt, Germany), September 2016.
  • I. Tomeo-Reyes, A. Ross, V. Chandran, "Investigating the Impact of Drug Induced Pupil Dilation on Automated Iris Recognition," Proc. of 8th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Buffalo, USA), September 2016.
  • R. Derakhshani, S. P. Tankasala, S. Crihalmeanu, A. Ross, R. Krishna, "A Comparative Analysis of Wavelets for Vascular Similarity Measurement," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), (Vancouver, Canada), July 2016.
  • Y. Ding, A. Rattani, A. Ross, "Bayesian Belief Models for Integrating Match Scores with Liveness and Quality Measures in a Fingerprint Verification System," Proc. of International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Halmstad, Sweden), June 2016.


  • A. Rattani, W. Scheirer, A. Ross, "Open Set Fingerprint Spoof Detection Across Novel Fabrication Materials," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics And Security (TIFS), Vol. 10, No. 11, pp. 2447 - 2460, November 2015.
  • A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Bridging the Gap: From Biometrics to Forensics," Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B, Vol. 370, Issue 1674, August 2015.
  • R. Jillela and A. Ross, "Segmenting Iris Images in the Visible Spectrum with Applications in Mobile Biometrics," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 57, pp. 4 - 16, May 2015.
  • J. Roth, X. Liu, A. Ross, D. Metaxas, "Investigating the Discriminative Power of Keystroke Sound," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics And Security (TIFS), Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 333 - 345, February 2015.
  • B. DeCann and A. Ross, "Modeling Errors in a Biometric Re-Identification System," IET Biometrics, Vol. 4, Issue 4, pp. 209 - 219, 2015.
  • E. Marasco and A. Ross, "A Survey on Anti-Spoofing Schemes for Fingerprint Recognition Systems," ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 47, No. 2, Article 28, January 2015.
  • A. Othman and A. Ross, "De-identifying Biometric Images," in Biometric Security, D. Ngo, A. Teoh, and J. Hu (Eds.), Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2015. ISBN: 978-1443871839.
  • S. El-Naggar and A. Ross, "Which Dataset is this Iris Image From?," Proc. of 7th IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), (Italy, Rome), November 2015.
  • M. J. Afridi, X. Liu, E. M. Shapiro, A. Ross, "Automatic in vivo Cell Detection in MRI," Proc. of 18th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI), (Munich, Germany), October 2015.
  • N. Kalka, N. Bartlow, B. Cukic, A. Ross, "A Preliminary Study on Identifying Sensors from Iris Images," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Conference, (Boston, USA), June 2015.
  • M. J. Afridi, M. Latourette, M. F. Bennewitz, A. Ross, X. Liu, E. M. Shapiro, "Machine Learning and Computer Vision based Quantification of Cell Number in MRI-based Cell Tracking," Proc. of 23rd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), (Toronto, Canada), June 2015.
  • A. K. Jain, B. Klare, A. Ross, "Guidelines for Best Practices in Biometrics Research," Proc. of 8th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Phuket, Thailand), May 2015.
  • I. Tomeo-Reyes, A. Ross, A. D. Clark, V. Chandran, "A Biomechanical Approach to Iris Normalization," Proc. of 8th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Phuket, Thailand), May 2015.
  • S. Crihalmeanu and A. Ross, "An Indexing Method for Color Iris Images," Proc. of SPIE Biometric and Surveillance Technology for Human and Activity Identification XII, (Baltimore, USA), April 2015.
  • A. Othman and A. Ross, "Fingerprint + Iris = IrisPrint," Proc. of SPIE Biometric and Surveillance Technology for Human and Activity Identification XII, (Baltimore, USA), April 2015.
  • R. S. Gejji, A. D. Clark, S. Crihalmeanu, A. Ross, "Understanding the Subject-Specific Effects of Pupil Dilation on Iris Recognition in the NIR Spectrum," IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST), (Waltham, USA), April 2015.
  • A. D. Clark, R. S. Gejji, A. D. Ridley, A. Ross, "The States of Dilation for Iris Recognition: A Preliminary Study," IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST), (Waltham, USA), April 2015.


  • A. Abaza, M. A. Harrison, T. Bourlai, A. Ross, "Design and Evaluation of Photometric Image Quality Measures for Effective Face Recognition," IET Biometrics, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 314 - 324, December 2014.
  • D. Adjeroh, R. Beal, A. Abbasi, W. Zheng, M. Abate, A. Ross, "Signal Fusion for Social Media Analysis of Adverse Drug Events," IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 74-80, 2014.
  • R. Jillela and A. Ross, "Matching Face Against Iris Images Using Periocular Information," Proc. of 21st IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), (Paris, France), October 2014.
  • A. Rattani and A. Ross, "Minimizing the Impact of Spoof Fabrication Material on Fingerprint Liveness Detector," Proc. of 21st IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), (Paris, France), October 2014.
  • A. S. Bommagani, M.C. Valenti, A. Ross, "A Framework for Secure Cloud-empowered Mobile Biometrics," Proc. of IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), (Baltimore, MD), October 2014.
  • A. Rattani and A. Ross, "Automatic Adaptation of Fingerprint Liveness Detector to New Spoof Materials," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Clearwater, USA), September/October 2014. Best Poster Award
  • A. Pflug, A. Ross, C. Busch, "2D Ear Classification Based on Unsupervised Clustering," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Clearwater, USA), September/October 2014.
  • A. Othman and A. Ross, "Privacy of Facial Soft Biometrics: Suppressing Gender But Retaining Identity," Proc. of ECCV Workshop on Soft Biometrics, (Zurich, Switzerland), September 2014.
  • A. Rattani, C. Chen, A. Ross, "Evaluation of Texture Descriptors for Automated Gender Estimation from Fingerprints," Proc. of ECCV Workshop on Soft Biometrics, (Zurich, Switzerland), September 2014.
  • B. DeCann, A. Ross, M. Culp, "On Clustering Human Gait Patterns," Proc. of 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Stockholm, Sweden), August 2014.
  • C. Chen, A. Dantcheva, A. Ross, "Impact of Facial Cosmetics on Automatic Gender and Age Estimation Algorithms," Proc. of 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications (VISAPP), (Lisbon, Portugal), January 2014.


  • N. Poh, A. Ross, W. Lee, J. Kittler, "A User-specific and Selective Multimodal Biometric Fusion Strategy by Ranking Subjects," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 46, Issue 12, pp. 3341 - 3357, December 2013.
  • J. Galbally, A. Ross, M. Gomez-Barrero, J. Fierrez, J. Ortega-Garcia, "Iris Image Reconstruction from Binary Templates: An Efficient Probabilistic Approach Based on Genetic Algorithms," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 117, Issue 10, pp. 1512 - 1525, October 2013.
  • A. Abaza, A. Ross, C. Hebert, M. A. Harrison, M. S. Nixon, "A Survey on Ear Biometrics," ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 45, No. 2, Article 22, March 2013.
  • A. Othman and A. Ross, "On Mixing Fingerprints," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 260 - 267, January 2013.
  • D. Reid, S. Samangooei, C. Chen, M. S. Nixon, A. Ross, "Soft Biometrics for Surveillance: An Overview", in Handbook of Statistics, Vol. 31, C. R. Rao and V. Govindaraju (Eds.), Elsevier 2013. ISBN: 978-0444538598.
  • R. Jillela and A. Ross, "Methods for Iris Segmentation", in Handbook of Iris Recognition, K. Bowyer and M. Burge (Eds.), Springer 2013. ISBN: 978-1447144014.
  • R. Jillela, A. Ross, V. N. Boddeti, B. V. K. VijayaKumar, X. Hu, R. Plemmons, P. Pauca, "An Evaluation of Iris Segmentation Algorithms in Challenging Periocular Images", in Handbook of Iris Recognition, K. Bowyer and M. Burge (Eds.), Springer 2013. ISBN: 978-1447144014.
  • A. D. Clark, S. Kulp, I. Herron, A. Ross, "A Theoretical Model For Describing Iris Dynamics", in Handbook of Iris Recognition, K. Bowyer and M. Burge (Eds.), Springer 2013. ISBN: 978-1447144014.
  • A. Rattani, N. Poh, A. Ross, "A Bayesian Approach for Modeling Sensor Influence on Quality, Liveness and Match Score Values in Fingerprint Verification," Proc. of IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), (Guangzhou, China), November 2013.
  • B. DeCann and A. Ross, "De-Duplication Errors in a Biometric System: An Investigative Study," Proc. of IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), (Guangzhou, China), November 2013. Best Paper Award
  • B. DeCann and A. Ross, "Relating ROC and CMC Curves via the Biometric Menagerie," Proc. of 6th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2013.
  • J. Roth, X. Liu, A. Ross, D. Metaxas, "Biometric Authentication via Keystroke Sound," Proc. of 6th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Madrid, Spain), June 2013.
  • C. Chen, A. Dantcheva, A. Ross, "Automatic Facial Makeup Detection with Application in Face Recognition," Proc. of 6th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Madrid, Spain), June 2013. Best Poster Award
  • G. Erdogan and A. Ross, "Automatic Detection of Non-cosmetic Soft Contact Lenses in Ocular Images," Proc. of SPIE Biometric and Surveillance Technology for Human and Activity Identification X, (Baltimore, USA), May 2013.
  • C. Chen and A. Ross, "Local Gradient Gabor Pattern (LGGP) With Applications in Face Recognition, Cross-spectral Matching and Soft Biometrics," Proc. of SPIE Biometric and Surveillance Technology for Human and Activity Identification X, (Baltimore, USA), May 2013.
  • B. DeCann, A. Ross, J. Dawson, "Investigating Gait Recognition in the Short-Wave InfraRed (SWIR) Spectrum: Dataset and Challenges," Proc. of SPIE Biometric and Surveillance Technology for Human and Activity Identification X, (Baltimore, USA), May 2013.
  • J. Galbally, M. Gomez-Barrero, A. Ross, J. Fierrez, J. Ortega-Garcia, "Securing Iris Recognition Systems Against Masquerade Attacks," Proc. of SPIE Biometric and Surveillance Technology for Human and Activity Identification X, (Baltimore, USA), May 2013.


  • S. Crihalmeanu and A. Ross, "Multispectral Scleral Patterns for Ocular Biometric Recognition," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 14, pp. 1860 - 1869, October 2012.
  • A. Gyaourova and A. Ross, "Index Codes for Multibiometric Pattern Retrieval," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 518 - 529, April 2012.
  • Y. Ding and A. Ross, "A Comparison of Imputation Methods for Handling Missing Scores in Biometric Fusion," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 919 - 933, 2012.
  • B. Decann and A. Ross, "Can a Poor Verification System be a Good Identification System? A Preliminary Study," Proc. of IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), (Tenerife, Spain), December 2012.
  • V. Gottemukkula, R. Pasula, S. K. Saripalle, S. P. Tankasala, R. Derakhshani, A. Ross, "Fusing Iris and Conjunctival Vasculature: Ocular Biometrics in the Visible Spectrum," IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security, (Waltham, USA), November 2012.
  • S. P. Tankasala, R. Pasula, S. K. Saripalle, V. Gottemukkula, V. G. Nalamati, R. Derakhshani, A. Ross, "A Video-Based Hyper-Focal Imaging Method for Iris Recognition in the Visible Spectrum," IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security , (Waltham, USA), November 2012. Best Paper Award
  • A. Dantcheva, C. Chen, A. Ross, "Can Facial Cosmetics Affect the Matching Accuracy of Face Recognition Systems?," Proc. of 5th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2012.
  • E. Marasco, Y. Ding, A. Ross, "Combining Match Scores with Liveness Values in a Fingerprint Verification System," Proc. of 5th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2012.
  • R. Jillela and A. Ross, "Mitigating Effects of Plastic Surgery: Fusing Face and Ocular Biometrics," Proc. of 5th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2012.
  • D. Cao, C. Chen, D. Adjeroh, A. Ross, "Predicting Gender and Weight from Human Metrology Using a Copula Model," Proc. of 5th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2012.
  • B. DeCann and A. Ross, "'Has This Person Been Encountered Before?': Modeling an Anonymous Identification System," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Conference, (Providence, USA), June 2012.
  • A. Rattani, N. Poh, A. Ross, "Analysis of User-specific Score Characteristics for Spoof Biometric Attacks," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Conference, (Providence, USA), June 2012.
  • A. Ross, R. Jillela, J. Smereka, V. N. Boddeti, B. V. K. VijayaKumar, R. Barnard, X. Hu, P. Pauca, R. Plemmons, "Matching Highly Non-ideal Ocular Images: An Information Fusion Approach," Proc. of the 5th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (New Delhi, India), March/April 2012.
  • E. Marasco, A. Ross, J. Dawson, T. Moroose, T. Ambrose, "Detecting STR peaks in degraded DNA samples," Proc. of 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BICoB), (Las Vegas, USA), March 2012.


  • A. Ross and A. Abaza, "Human Ear Recognition," IEEE Computer, pp. 79 - 81, November 2011.
  • T. Bourlai, A. Ross, A. K. Jain, "Restoring Degraded Face Images: A Case Study in Matching Faxed, Printed and Scanned Photos," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 371 - 384, June 2011.
  • A. Ross and A. Othman, "Visual Cryptography for Biometric Privacy," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 70 - 81, March 2011.
  • U. Park, R. Jillela, A. Ross, A. K. Jain, "Periocular Biometrics in the Visible Spectrum," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 96 - 106, March 2011.
  • T. Bourlai, N. Kalka, D. Cao, B. Decann, Z. Jafri, F. Nicolo, C. Whitelam, J. Zuo, D. Adjeroh, B. Cukic, J. Dawson, L. Hornak, A. Ross, N. A. Schmid, "Ascertaining Human Identity in Night Environments", in Distributed Video Sensor Networks (DVSN), B. Bhanu, C.Ravishankar, A. Choudhary, D. Terzopoulos and H. Aghajan (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-85729-126-4.
  • V. Kulathumani, S. Parupati, A. Ross and R. Jillela, "Collaborative Face Recognition Using a Network of Embedded Cameras," in Distributed Video Sensor Networks (DVSN), B. Bhanu, C.Ravishankar, A. Choudhary, D. Terzopoulos and H. Aghajan (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-85729-126-4.
  • S. Crihalmeanu and A. Ross, "On the Use of Multispectral Conjunctival Vasculature as a Soft Biometric," Proc. of IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), (Kona, USA), January 2011.
  • A. Othman and A. Ross, "Mixing Fingerprints For Generating Virtual Identities," Proc. of IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), (Foz do Iguacu, Brazil), November/December 2011. Best Student Paper Award (Gold)
  • C. Chen and A. Ross, "Evaluation of Gender Classification Methods on Thermal and Near-infrared Face Images," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Washington DC, USA), October 2011.
  • H. S. Bhatt, S. Bharadwaj, M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Ross, A. Noore, "A Framework for Quality-based Biometric Classifier Selection," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Washington DC, USA), October 2011.
  • H. S. Bhatt, S. Bharadwaj, M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Noore, A. Ross, "On Co-training Online Biometric Classifiers," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Washington DC, USA), October 2011. Best Poster Award
  • D. Cao, C. Chen, M. Piccirilli, D. Adjeroh, T. Bourlai, A. Ross, "Can Facial Metrology Predict Gender?," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), (Washington DC, USA), October 2011.
  • A. Ross and A. Othman, "Mixing Fingerprints for Template Security and Privacy," Proc. of the 19th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), (Barcelona, Spain), August/September 2011.
  • O. Iloanusi, A. Gyaourova, A. Ross, "Indexing Fingerprints Using Minutiae Quadruplets," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recogniton (CVPR) Conference, (Colorado Springs, USA), June 2011.
  • A. Ross and C. Chen, "Can Gender be Predicted from Near-Infrared Face Images?," Proc. of International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (ICIAR), (Burnaby, Canada), June 2011.
  • R. Jillela, A. Ross, P. Flynn, "Information Fusion in Low-resolution Iris Videos Using Principal Components Transform," Proc. of IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), (Kona, USA), January 2011.


  • D. K. Casleton, L. J. Shadle, A. Ross, "Measuring the Voidage of a CFB Through Image Analysis," Journal of Powder Technology, Vol. 203, Issue 1, pp. 12 - 22, October 2010.
  • R. Singh, M. Vatsa, A. Ross, A. Noore, "Biometric Classifier Update using Online Learning: A Case Study in Near Infrared Face Verification," Image and Vision Computing, Vol. 28, Issue 7, pp. 1098 - 1105, July 2010.
  • A. Ross, "Iris Recognition: The Path Forward," IEEE Computer, pp. 30 - 35, February 2010.
  • M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Noore, A. Ross, "On the Dynamic Selection of Biometric Fusion Algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 470 - 479, 2010.
  • D. Adjeroh, D. Cao, M. Piccirilli, A. Ross, "Predictability and Correlation in Human Metrology," Proc. of IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), (Seattle, USA), December 2010.
  • R. B. Gadde, D. Adjeroh, A. Ross, "Indexing Iris Images Using the Burrows-Wheeler Transform," Proc. of IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), (Seattle, USA), December 2010.
  • A. Abaza and A. Ross, "Towards Understanding the Symmetry of Human Ears: A Biometric Perspective," Proc. of 4th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2010.
  • E. Marasco, A. Ross, C. Sansone, "Predicting Identification Errors in a Multibiometric System Based on Ranks and Scores," Proc. of 4th IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2010.
  • M. Sam Sunder and A. Ross, "Iris Image Retrieval Based on Macro-features," Proc. of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Istanbul, Turkey), August 2010.
  • J. Feng, A. K. Jain, A. Ross, "Detecting Altered Fingerprints," Proc. of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Istanbul, Turkey), August 2010.
  • T. Bourlai, N. Kalka, A. Ross, B. Cukic, L. Hornak, "Cross-spectral Face Verification in the ShortWave Infrared (SWIR) Band," Proc. of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Istanbul, Turkey), August 2010.
  • M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Ross, A. Noore, "Quality-based Fusion for Multichannel Iris Recognition," Proc. of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Istanbul, Turkey), August 2010.
  • D. Woodard, S. Pundlik, P. Miller, R. Jillela, A. Ross, "On the Use of Periocular and Iris Biometrics in Non-ideal Imagery," Proc. of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Istanbul, Turkey), August 2010.
  • A. Ross and M. Sam Sunder, "Block Based Texture Analysis for Iris Classification and Matching," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recogniton (CVPR) Conference, (San Francisco, USA), June 2010.
  • Y. Ding and A. Ross, "When Data Goes Missing: Methods for Missing Score Imputation in Biometric Fusion," Proc. of SPIE Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification VII, (Orlando, USA), April 2010.
  • A. Ross and A. Othman, "Visual Cryptography for Face Privacy," Proc. of SPIE Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification VII, (Orlando, USA), April 2010.
  • B. Decann and A. Ross, "Gait Curves for Human Recognition, Backpack Detection, and Silhouette Correction in a Nighttime Environment," Proc. of SPIE Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification VII, (Orlando, USA), April 2010.


  • S. Shah and A. Ross, "Iris Segmentation Using Geodesic Active Contours," IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), Vol. 4, Issue 4, pp. 824-836, December 2009.
  • A. Ross and N. Poh, "Multibiometric Systems: Overview, Case Studies and Open Issues," in Handbook of Remote Biometrics for Surveillance and Security, M. Tistarelli, S. Z. Li and R. Chellappa (Eds.), Springer, 2009. ISBN: 978-1-84882-384-6.
  • A. Abaza, A. Ross and H. Ammar, "Retrieval of Dental Radiographs for Post-Mortem Identification," Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), (Cairo, Egypt), November 2009.
  • T. Bourlai, A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "On Matching Digital Face Images Against Scanned Passport Photos," Proc. of First IEEE International Conference on Biometrics, Identity and Security (BIdS), (Tampa, USA), September 2009.
  • A. Abaza and A. Ross, "Quality Based Rank-Level Fusion in Multibiometric Systems," Proc. of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2009.
  • A. Ross, R. Pasula and L. Hornak, "Exploring Multispectral Iris Recognition Beyond 900nm," Proc. of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2009.
  • U. Park, A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Periocular Biometrics in the Visible Spectrum: A Feasibility Study," Proc. of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2009. BTAS 5-year Highly Cited Paper Award
  • K. Nandakumar, A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Biometric Fusion: Does Modeling Correlation Really Matter?," Proc. of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2009. Best Poster Award
  • R. Singh, M. Vatsa, A. Ross and A. Noore, "Online Learning in Biometrics: A Case Study in Face Classifier Update," Proc. of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2009. Best Poster Award
  • A. Ross, A. Rattani and M. Tistarelli, "Exploiting the Doddington Zoo Effect in Biometric Fusion," Proc. of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2009.
  • A. Gyaourova and A. Ross, "A Coding Scheme for Indexing Multimodal Biometric Databases," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recogniton (CVPR) Conference, (Miami Beach, USA), June 2009.
  • N. Bartlow, N. Kalka, B. Cukic and A. Ross, "Identifying Fingerprint Sensors from Images", Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recogniton (CVPR) Conference, (Miami Beach, USA), June 2009.
  • R. Jillela and A. Ross, "Adaptive Frame Selection for Improved Face Recognition in Low-Resolution Videos," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), (Atlanta, USA), June 2009.
  • K. Nandakumar, A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Fusion in Multibiometric Identification Systems: What about the Missing Data?," Proc. of the 3rd IAPR/IEEE International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Alghero, Italy), June 2009.
  • S. Crihalmeanu, A. Ross and R. Derakhshani, "Enhancement and Registration Schemes for Matching Conjunctival Vasculature," Proc. of the 3rd IAPR/IEEE International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), (Alghero, Italy), June 2009.
  • J. Feng, A. K. Jain, A. Ross, "Fingerprint Alteration", MSU Technical Report, MSU-CSE-09-30, December 2009.


  • A. Ross and R. Nadgir, "A Thin-plate Spline Calibration Model For Fingerprint Sensor Interoperability," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Special Issue on Intelligence and Security Informatics, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 1097-1110, August 2008.
  • A. Gyaourova and A. Ross, "A Novel Coding Scheme for Indexing Fingerprint Patterns," Proc. of the 7th International Workshop on Statistical Pattern Recognition (S+SSPR), (Orlando, USA), December 2008.
  • R. Mukherjee and A. Ross, "Indexing Iris Images," Proc. of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Tampa, USA), December 2008.
  • M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Ross and A. Noore, "Likelihood Ratio in a SVM Framework: Fusing Linear and Non-linear Face Classifiers," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recogniton (CVPR) Conference, (Anchorage, USA), June 2008.
  • K. Veeramachaneni, L. Osadciw, A. Ross and N. Srinivas, "Decision-level Fusion Strategies for Correlated Biometric Classifiers," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recogniton (CVPR) Conference, (Anchorage, USA), June 2008. Best Paper Award


  • R. Singh, M. Vatsa, A. Ross and A. Noore, "A Mosaicing Scheme for Pose Invariant Face Recognition," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Mans and Cybernetics - B, Special Issue on Biometrics, Vol. 37, Issue 5, pp. 1212-1225, October 2007.
  • A. Ross, J. Shah and A. K. Jain, "From Template to Image: Reconstructing Fingerprints From Minutiae Points," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Special Issue on Biometrics, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 544-560, April 2007.
  • A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Human Recognition Using Biometrics: An Overview," Annals of Telecommunications, Vol. 62, No. 1/2, pp. 11-35, January/February 2007.
  • K. Nandakumar, A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Incorporating Ancillary Information in Multibiometric Systems", in Handbook of Biometrics, A. K. Jain, P. J. Flynn and A. Ross (Eds.), Springer, 2007.ISBN: 978-0-387-71040-2.
  • A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Fusion Techniques in Multibiometric Systems", in Face Biometrics for Personal Identification. R. I. Hammound, B. R. Abidi and M. A. Abidi (Eds.), Springer, 2007. ISBN: 978-3-540-49344-0.
  • A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Introduction to Biometrics", in Handbook of Biometrics, A. K. Jain, P. J. Flynn and A. Ross (Eds.), Springer, 2007. ISBN: 978-0-387-71040-2.
  • K. Smith, P. Pauca, A. Ross, T. Torgersen and M. King, "Extended Evaluation of Simulated Wavefront Coding Technology for Iris Recognition," Proc. of the First IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), (Washington DC, USA), September 2007.
  • A. Ross, "An Introduction to Multibiometrics," Proc. of the 15th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), (Poznan, Poland), September 2007.
  • R. Derakhshani and A. Ross, "A Texture-Based Neural Network Classifier for Biometric Identification using Ocular Surface Vasculature," Proc. of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), (Orlando, USA), August 2007.
  • F. Li, K. Goseva-Popstojanova and A. Ross, "Discovering Web Workload Characteristics through Cluster Analysis," Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), (Cambridge, USA), pp. 61-68, July 2007.
  • U. Park, A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Face Recognition in Video: Adaptive Fusion of Multiple Matchers," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Conference, (Minneapolis, USA), June 2007.
  • N. Bartlow, N. Kalka, B. Cukic and A. Ross, "Protecting Iris Images through Asymmetric Digital Watermarking," Proc. of 5th IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies (AutoID), (Alghero, Italy), pp. 191-197, June 2007.
  • A. Ross and R. Mukherjee, "Augmenting Ridge Curves With Minutiae Triplets for Fingerprint Indexing," Proc. of SPIE Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification IV, (Orlando, USA), April 2007.


  • A. K. Jain, A. Ross and S. Pankanti, "Biometrics: A Tool For Information Security", IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol 1, No. 2, pp. 125-143, June 2006.
  • A. Ross, S. Dass and A. K. Jain, "Fingerprint Warping Using Ridge Curve Correspondences", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 19-30, January 2006.
  • R. Derakhshani, A. Ross and S. Crihalmeanu, "A New Biometric Modality Based on Conjunctival Vasculature," Proc. of Artificial Neural Networks in Engineering (ANNIE), (St. Louis, USA), November 2006.
  • S. Shah and A. Ross, "Generating Synthetic Irises By Feature Agglomeration," Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), (Atlanta, USA), October 2006.
  • A. Ross and S. Shah, "Segmenting Non-ideal Irises Using Geodesic Active Contours," Proc. of Biometrics Symposium (BSYM), (Baltimore, USA), September 2006.
  • S. Shah, A. Abaza, A. Ross and H. Ammar, "Automatic Tooth Segmentation Using Active Contour Without Edges," Proc. of Biometrics Symposium (BSYM), (Baltimore, USA), September 2006.
  • C. Boyce, A. Ross, M. Monaco, L. Hornak and X. Li, "Multispectral Iris Analysis: A Preliminary Study," Proc. of IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Biometrics at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Conference, (New York, USA), June 2006.
  • N. Poh, S. Bengio and A. Ross, "Revisiting Doddington's Zoo: A Systematic Method to Assess User-dependent Variabilities", Proc. of Second Workshop on Multimodal User Authentication (MMUA), (Toulose, France), May 2006.
  • A. Ross, S. Shah and J. Shah, "Image Versus Feature Mosaicing: A Case Study in Fingerprints", Proc. of SPIE Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification III, (Orlando, USA), pp. 620208-1 - 620208-12, April 2006.
  • A. Ross and R. Nadgir, "A Calibration Model for Fingerprint Sensor Interoperability", Proc. of SPIE Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification III, (Orlando, USA), pp. 62020B-1 - 62020B-12, April 2006.


  • A. K. Jain, K. Nandakumar and A. Ross, "Score Normalization in Multimodal Biometric Systems", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 2270-2285, December 2005. Winner of the Pattern Recognition Society Best Paper Award (2005)
  • V. Manian and A. Ross, "Face Detection Using Statistical and Multiresolution Texture Features", Multimedia Cyberscape Journal, Special Issue on Pattern Recognition in Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 1-9, 2005.
  • A. Ross, S. Dass and A. K. Jain, "A Deformable Model for Fingerprint Matching", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 95-103, Jan 2005.
  • A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Multimodal Human Recognition Systems", in Multi-Sensor Image Fusion and Its Applications. R.S. Blum and Z. Liu (Eds.), CRC Taylor and Francis, 2005. ISBN: 0-8493-3417-9.
  • R. Singh, M. Vatsa, A. Ross and A. Noore, "Performance Enhancement of 2D Face Recognition via Mosaicing", Proc. of 4th IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies (AutoID), (Buffalo, USA), pp. 63-68, October 2005. Best Student Paper Award
  • J. Odom, P. Ghude, A. Ross, H. Humble and F. Vanscoy, "Human Response to Different Adaptive Optic Flow Stimuli", Proc. of the 11th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM), (Ghent, Belgium), pp. 257-266, October 2005. Best Paper Award (Technical)
  • S. Makthal and A. Ross, "Synthesis of Iris Images using Markov Random Fields", Proc. of 13th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), (Antalya, Turkey), September 2005.
  • A. K. Jain, A. Ross and U. Uludag, "Biometric Template Security: Challenges and Solutions", Proc. of 13th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), (Antalya, Turkey), September 2005.
  • J. Reisman, U. Uludag and A. Ross, "Secure Fingerprint Matching With External Registration", Proc. of Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA), (Rye Brook, New York), pp. 720-729, July 2005.
  • A. Ross, J. Shah, and A. K. Jain, "Towards Reconstructing Fingerprints from Minutiae Points", Proc. of SPIE Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification II, (Orlando, USA), pp. 68-80, March 2005.
  • A. Ross and R. Govindarajan, "Feature Level Fusion Using Hand and Face Biometrics", Proc. of SPIE Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification II, (Orlando, USA), pp. 196-204, March 2005.
  • Y. Chen, S. Dass, A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Fingerprint Deformation Models Using Minutiae Locations and Orientations", Proc. of IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), (Colorado, USA), pp. 150-155, January 2005.


  • U. Uludag, A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Biometric Template Selection and Update: A Case Study in Fingerprints", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 1533-1542, July 2004.
  • A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Multibiometric Systems", Communications of the ACM, Special Issue on Multimodal Interfaces, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 34-40, January 2004.
  • A. K. Jain, A. Ross and S. Prabhakar, "An Introduction to Biometric Recognition", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Special Issue on Image- and Video-Based Biometrics, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 4-20, January 2004.
  • A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Multimodal Biometrics: An Overview", Proc. of 12th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), (Vienna, Austria), pp. 1221-1224, September 2004.
  • A. K. Jain, S. Pankanti, S. Prabhakar, L. Hong, A. Ross, and J. L. Wayman, "Biometrics: A Grand Challenge", Proc. International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Cambridge, UK), Vol. 2, pp. 935-942, August 2004.
  • A. Ross, S. Dass and A. K. Jain, "Estimating Fingerprint Deformation", Proc. of International Conference on Biometric Authentication (ICBA), (Hong Kong), LNCS vol. 3072, pp. 249-255, Springer Publishers, July 2004.
  • A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Biometric Sensor Interoperability: A Case Study In Fingerprints," Proc. of International ECCV Workshop on Biometric Authentication (BioAW), (Prague), LNCS vol. 3087, pp. 134-145, Springer Publishers, May 2004.


  • A. Ross and A. K. Jain, "Information Fusion in Biometrics", Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 24, Issue 13, pp. 2115-2125, September 2003.
  • A. Ross, A. K. Jain and J. Reisman, "A Hybrid Fingerprint Matcher", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, No. 7, pp.1661-1673, July 2003.
  • A. K. Jain, U. Uludag and A. Ross, "Biometric Template Selection: A Case Study in Fingerprints", Proc. of 4th International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Person Authentication (AVBPA), (Guildford, UK), LNCS vol. 2688, pp. 335-342, Springer Publishers, June 2003.


  • A. Ross, J. Reisman, A. K. Jain, "Fingerprint Matching Using Feature Space Correlation", Proc. of International ECCV Workshop on Biometric Authentication, (Copenhagen, Denmark), LNCS vol. 2359, pp.48-57, Springer Publishers, June 2002.
  • A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Learning User-specific Parameters in a Multibiometric System", Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), (Rochester, NY), pp. 57-60, September 2002.
  • A. Ross, A. K. Jain and J. Reisman, "A Hybrid Fingerprint Matcher", Proc. of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Vol.3, pp. 795-798, (Quebec City), August 2002.
  • A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Fingerprint Mosaicking", Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), (Orlando, Florida), May 2002.


  • A. K. Jain, A. Ross and S. Prabhakar, "Fingerprint Matching Using Minutiae and Texture Features", Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), (Thessaloniki, Greece), pp.282-285, Oct 2001.
  • A. K. Jain, S. Pankanti, S. Prabhakar, and A. Ross, "Recent Advances in Fingerprint Verification", Invited Paper in Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Person Authentication (AVBPA), (Halmstad, Sweden), LNCS vol. 2091, pp. 182-191, Springer Publishers, June 2001.
  • A. Ross, A. K. Jain, and J. Qian, "Information Fusion in Biometrics", Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Person Authentication (AVBPA), (Halmstad, Sweden), LNCS vol. 2091, pp. 354-359, Springer Publishers, June 2001.


  • A. Ross, C.B. Owen and A. Vailaya, "Models for User Access Patterns on the Web: Semantic Content versus Access History", Proc of 5th Annual World Conference on the WWW and Internet (Webnet 2000) , (San Antonio, Texas), pp.464-469, Oct/Nov 2000 Received the Top Paper Award


  • A.K. Jain, A. Ross and S. Pankanti, "A Prototype Hand Geometry-based Verification System", Proc. of 2nd International Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA), (Washington D.C.), pp.166-171, March 1999.
  • A. K. Jain, S. Prabhakar, and A. Ross, "Fingerprint Matching: Data Acquisition and Performance Evaluation", MSU Technical Report, No. MSU-CPS-99-14, March 1999.


  • A. K. Jain, A. Ross, and S. Prabhakar, "Biometrics-based Web Access", MSU Technical Report, No. MSU-CPS-98-33, November 1998.




  • A. Ross, "Information Fusion in Fingerprint Authentication", Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, 2003. Advisor: Prof. Anil K. Jain.


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